Abstract

From the 1950s to now，the development of Russian（Soviet）ABM force has gone through more than half a century. In half a century，because of its significant impact on nuclear power，the ABM force played an important strategic role in protecting Russian national security，and also affected US-Russia relations. However in recent years，the function of ABM force is expanded. Now it not only can intercept nuclear ballistic missiles，but also can intercept new types of aerospace weapons such as hypersonic weapons. Since USA withdrew from the “ABM Treaty”，USA，Russia and several emerging countries began to accelerate the development of ABM force. Therefore，the ABM force entered in “a new spring” time. In this book，on one hand，we chronologically analyze the history，current situation and future of the Russian ABM force；on the other hand，we cross-sectionally study the Russia-US relations and relations among ABM force，space defense forces and air defense forces. Finally，since China is in the initial period of developing the ABM force，we also give suggestions on the strategic position，combat theory，weapons development and institutional building of Chinese ABM force.

This book contains seven parts. The introduction discusses the status-quo of domestic and foreign research，the difficulties and innovations，the purpose and significance of this study and definition of main terms involved. The first chapter studies the threat of aerospace attack to Russia，the status and role of ABM force in Russian national security. The second chapter combs the development of ABM force in Russia（Soviet）from the date of its birth to 2015. It is divided into three stages：the initial construction period，the period of the ABM Treaty and the period after abolition of the ABM Treaty. The third chapter discusses in detail the current situation and future of Russian ABM weapon system，which is composed of ABM intercepting weapon system，ABM reconnaissance and warning system and ABM command and control system. The fourth chapter discusses the current status and future of ABM force’s constitutional structure，leadership system and management system. In the fifth chapter，the author discusses three pairs’ relationships—the relationship between ABM force and nuclear force，the relationship between ABM force and air defense force，and the relationship between ABM force and space force. This chapter also sums up the basic methods in the construction of Russian（USSR）ABM force：firstly，in the strategic guidance，Russia turned from symmetrical response method to asymmetric response method，and scientifically adjusted the strategic position of ABM forces；secondly，in the framework design，Russia transferred from the integration of ABM and space defense to the aerospace integration defense；thirdly，in the equipment construction，Russia adopted the combined method of separate and intergrated construction to promote the weapons and equipment’s universalization；fourthly，in the way of interception，considering ecological security，the Russian ABM interception method was changed from nuclear interception to nuclear and non-nuclear combined interception；fifthly，the strategic ABM force is deployed in the capital，the non-strategic ABM force is deployed along the border and around inland important targets；sixthly，Russia advancedly studies air and space operational theory to guide the construction of ABM force；seventhly，focused on future needs，Russia integrated institutions and absorbed non-governmental power to promote the education and research. This chapter also summarizes the main lessons in the construction of Russian ABM force：firstly，Russia failed to effectively circumvent the restrictions of the ABM Treaty and wrongly responded to the “Strategic Defense Initiative”；secondly，the neglection of scientific research conclusions and the millitary factional struggle impeded the development of ABM force；thirdly，poor versatility and delayed application of weapons and equipment diminished the effectiveness of ABM force；fourthly，the operational command power is not centralized；fifthly，the education doesn’t meet the requirements of comprehensive personnel training，brain talent drain in scientific research institutions constraints the development of weapons and equipment. The sixth chapter summarizes the Russian（USSR）ABM force construction’s enlightenments：firstly，focused on the threat，we should strengthen the top-level design and strategic planning of ABM force’s construction；secondly，we should steply build ABM weapon system and focus on the development of anti-satellete and ABM integrated technology and mobile land-based and sea-based ABM weapons；thirdly，we should rationally build the ABM force of the system and alert obstruction form military services interests；fourthly，we should innovate the aerospace combat theory and actively use asymmetric response method；fifthly，we should comprehensively strengthen the education and scientific research in ABM field.

Keywords：Russia；ABM force；aerospace defense；hypersonic weapon